机器学习在解决无线干扰管理问题方面取得了成功。已经培训了不同种类的深神经网络(DNN),以完成功率控制,波束成形和准入控制等关键任务。基于DNNS的干扰管理模型有两个流行的培训范式:监督学习(即,由优化算法产生的拟合标签)和无监督的学习(即,直接优化一些系统性能测量)。虽然这两种范式都在实践中广泛应用,但由于对这些方法缺乏任何理论理解,但目前尚不清楚如何系统地理解和比较他们的性能。在这项工作中,我们开展理论研究,为这两个训练范例提供了一些深入的了解。首先,我们展示了一些令人惊讶的结果,即对于一些特殊的功率控制问题,无监督的学习可以表现比监督对手更糟糕,因为它更有可能陷入一些低质量的本地解决方案。然后,我们提供了一系列理论结果,以进一步了解两种方法的性质。一般来说,我们表明,当有高质量的标签可用时,监督学习不太可能陷入解决方案,而不是无监督的对应物。此外,我们开发了一种半监督的学习方法,可以妥善整合这两个训练范例,可以有效地利用有限数量的标签来找到高质量的解决方案。为了我们的知识,这些是第一种在基于学习的无线通信系统设计中了解不同培训方法的第一组理论结果。
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The feasibility of collecting a large amount of expert demonstrations has inspired growing research interests in learning-to-drive settings, where models learn by imitating the driving behaviour from experts. However, exclusively relying on imitation can limit agents' generalisability to novel scenarios that are outside the support of the training data. In this paper, we address this challenge by factorising the driving task, based on the intuition that modular architectures are more generalisable and more robust to changes in the environment compared to monolithic, end-to-end frameworks. Specifically, we draw inspiration from the trajectory forecasting community and reformulate the learning-to-drive task as obstacle-aware perception and grounding, distribution-aware goal prediction, and model-based planning. Firstly, we train the obstacle-aware perception module to extract salient representation of the visual context. Then, we learn a multi-modal goal distribution by performing conditional density-estimation using normalising flow. Finally, we ground candidate trajectory predictions road geometry, and plan the actions based on on vehicle dynamics. Under the CARLA simulator, we report state-of-the-art results on the CARNOVEL benchmark.
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我们提出了一个名为Star-GNN的视频特征表示学习框架,该框架在多尺度晶格功能图上应用了可插入的图形神经网络组件。 Star-GNN的本质是利用时间动力学和空间内容以及帧中不同尺度区域之间的视觉连接。它对带有晶格特征图的视频进行建模,其中节点代表不同粒度的区域,其加权边缘代表空间和时间链接。上下文节点通过图形神经网络同时汇总,并具有训练有检索三重损失的参数。在实验中,我们表明Star-GNN有效地在视频框架序列上实现了动态注意机制,从而强调了视频中动态和语义丰富的内容,并且对噪声和冗余是强大的。经验结果表明,STAR-GNN可实现基于内容的视频检索的最新性能。
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经过对人体跟踪系统引起的隐私问题的调查,我们提出了一种黑盒对抗攻击方法,该方法对最先进的人类检测模型,称为Invisibilitee。该方法学习了可打印的对抗图案,适用于T恤,这些T恤在人体跟踪系统前的物理世界中抓起佩戴者。我们设计了一种角度不足的学习方案,该方案利用了时尚数据集的分割和几何扭曲过程,因此生成的对抗模式可有效从所有摄像机角度和看不见的黑盒检测模型欺骗人检测器。数字环境和物理环境中的经验结果表明,随着Invisibilitee的启用,人体跟踪系统检测佩戴者的能力显着下降。
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使用远程摄像机和无人机(UAVS)基于计算机视觉的损害检测可实现高效且低成本的桥梁健康监控,从而降低了人工成本以及传感器安装和维护的需求。通过利用最近的语义图像分割方法,我们能够找到关键结构组件的区域,并使用图像作为唯一的输入来识别像素级别的损坏。但是,当发现少量损坏(例如裂缝和裸露的钢筋)和具有有限图像样本的薄物体时,现有方法的性能很差,尤其是当感兴趣的组件高度不平衡时。为此,本文介绍了一个语义分割框架,该框架强加了组件类别和损害类型之间的层次语义关系。例如,仅在桥柱上存在的某些混凝土裂纹,因此在检测到此类损害时,非列区域将被掩盖。通过这种方式,损坏检测模型只能集中在可能受损区域的学习特征上,并避免其他无关区域的影响。我们还利用多尺度的扩展,可提供不同尺度的视图,可保留每个图像的上下文信息,而不会失去处理小对象的能力。此外,提出的框架采用了重要的样本,该样本反复样本包含稀有组件(例如铁路卧铺和裸露的钢筋)的图像提供了更多的数据样本,从而解决了数据不平衡的数据挑战。
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神经网络中的大多数工作都集中在给定一组协变量的情况下估计连续响应变量的条件平均值。在本文中,我们考虑使用神经网络估算有条件的分布函数,以审查和未经审查的数据。该算法建立在与时间依赖性协变量有关COX回归的数据结构上。在不施加任何模型假设的情况下,我们考虑了基于条件危险函数是唯一未知的非参数参数的损失函数,可以应用不明显的优化方法。通过仿真研究,我们显示了所提出的方法具有理想的性能,而部分可能性方法和传统的神经网络具有$ l_2 $损失产量的偏向估计,当模型假设违反。我们进一步用几个现实世界数据集说明了提出的方法。提出的方法的实现可在https://github.com/bingqing0729/nncde上获得。
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我们向高吞吐量基准介绍了用于材料和分子数据集的化学系统的多种表示的高吞吐量基准的机器学习(ML)框架。基准测试方法的指导原理是通过将模型复杂性限制在简单的回归方案的同时,在执行最佳ML实践的同时将模型复杂性限制为简单的回归方案,允许通过沿着同步的列车测试分裂的系列进行学习曲线来评估学习进度来评估原始描述符性能。结果模型旨在为未来方法开发提供通知的基线,旁边指示可以学习给定的数据集多么容易。通过对各种物理化学,拓扑和几何表示的培训结果的比较分析,我们介绍了这些陈述的相对优点以及它们的相互关联。
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当任何安全违规可能导致灾难性失败时,赛车要求每个车辆都能在其物质范围内驾驶。在这项工作中,我们研究了自主赛车的安全强化学习(RL)的问题,使用车辆的自我摄像机视图和速度作为输入。鉴于任务的性质,自主代理需要能够1)识别并避免复杂的车辆动态下的不安全场景,而2)在快速变化的环境中使子第二决定。为了满足这些标准,我们建议纳入汉密尔顿 - 雅各(HJ)可达性理论,是一般非线性系统的安全验证方法,进入受约束的马尔可夫决策过程(CMDP)框架。 HJ可达性不仅提供了一种了解安全的控制理论方法,还可以实现低延迟安全验证。尽管HJ可达性传统上不可扩展到高维系统,但我们证明了具有神经逼近的,可以直接在视觉上下文中学习HJ安全值 - 迄今为止通过该方法研究的最高尺寸问题。我们在最近发布的高保真自主赛车环境中评估了我们在几个基准任务中的方法,包括安全健身房和学习(L2R)。与安全健身房的其他受约束的RL基线相比,我们的方法非常少的限制性违规,并在L2R基准任务上实现了新的最先进结果。我们在以下匿名纸质网站提供额外可视化代理行为:https://sites.google.com/view/safeautomouracing/home
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The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.
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Interview has been regarded as one of the most crucial step for recruitment. To fully prepare for the interview with the recruiters, job seekers usually practice with mock interviews between each other. However, such a mock interview with peers is generally far away from the real interview experience: the mock interviewers are not guaranteed to be professional and are not likely to behave like a real interviewer. Due to the rapid growth of online recruitment in recent years, recruiters tend to have online interviews, which makes it possible to collect real interview data from real interviewers. In this paper, we propose a novel application named EZInterviewer, which aims to learn from the online interview data and provides mock interview services to the job seekers. The task is challenging in two ways: (1) the interview data are now available but still of low-resource; (2) to generate meaningful and relevant interview dialogs requires thorough understanding of both resumes and job descriptions. To address the low-resource challenge, EZInterviewer is trained on a very small set of interview dialogs. The key idea is to reduce the number of parameters that rely on interview dialogs by disentangling the knowledge selector and dialog generator so that most parameters can be trained with ungrounded dialogs as well as the resume data that are not low-resource. Evaluation results on a real-world job interview dialog dataset indicate that we achieve promising results to generate mock interviews. With the help of EZInterviewer, we hope to make mock interview practice become easier for job seekers.
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